
Averages (kcal/mol)
| HF-631G | B3LYP | AM1 | PM3 | PM6 | |
| Median | 5.10 | 3.75 | 6.63 | 4.60 | 3.26 |
| AUE | 7.37 | 5.19 | 10.01 | 6.26 | 4.44 |
| RMS | 10.68 | 7.42 | 14.69 | 9.49 | 6.23 |
AUE: Average Unsigned Error
RMS: Root-Mean-Square error
This analysis uses 1373 compounds of the elements H, C, N, O, F, P, S, Cl, and Br, only. The 6-31G(d) basis set for these elements was used.
Individual Species used in Preparing this Graph
(in order of empirical formula)
|
Calculated error for various methods |
|||||||
|
Mol. No. |
Molecule |
Exp. H.o.F |
HF 6-31G |
B3LYP |
AM1 |
PM3 |
PM6 |
|
1 |
Methane |
-17.9 |
6.6 |
-1.2 |
6.6 |
4.9 |
5.6 |
|
2 |
Acetylene |
54.3 |
9.2 |
7.6 |
9.2 |
-3.6 |
2.4 |
|
3 |
Ethylene |
12.5 |
5.8 |
0.8 |
5.8 |
4.2 |
3.3 |
|
4 |
Methylmethylene |
90.3 |
-3.1 |
-0.2 |
-3.1 |
-1.7 |
-10.0 |
|
5 |
Ethane |
-20.2 |
3.7 |
-3.3 |
3.7 |
2.1 |
4.4 |
|
6 |
Propyne |
44.4 |
5.8 |
3.3 |
5.8 |
-4.2 |
1.0 |
|
7 |
Allene |
45.6 |
6.6 |
-0.7 |
6.6 |
1.4 |
-8.1 |
|
8 |
Cyclopropene |
66.2 |
9.9 |
3.0 |
9.9 |
1.9 |
-5.3 |
|
9 |
Allyl |
40.0 |
-10.5 |
-1.7 |
-10.5 |
-0.4 |
-2.1 |
|
10 |
Propene |
4.9 |
4.2 |
-1.2 |
4.2 |
1.5 |
0.7 |
|
11 |
Cyclopropane |
12.7 |
4.3 |
-1.3 |
4.3 |
3.5 |
-1.5 |
|
12 |
Propane |
-24.8 |
2.2 |
-4.4 |
2.2 |
1.2 |
3.9 |
|
13 |
Diacetylene |
113.0 |
5.1 |
2.5 |
5.1 |
-10.6 |
-2.1 |
|
14 |
Vinylacetylene |
72.8 |
2.5 |
0.1 |
2.5 |
-6.5 |
-3.7 |
|
15 |
1,3-Butadiene |
26.0 |
5.3 |
0.4 |
5.3 |
5.0 |
2.5 |
|
16 |
2-Butyne |
34.7 |
3.1 |
-0.1 |
3.1 |
-5.0 |
0.4 |
|
17 |
Cyclobutene |
37.5 |
6.4 |
0.8 |
6.4 |
0.2 |
-3.7 |
|
18 |
1,2-Butadiene |
38.8 |
5.2 |
-2.2 |
5.2 |
-0.9 |
-8.7 |
|
19 |
1-Butyne |
39.5 |
4.7 |
2.7 |
4.7 |
-3.9 |
1.7 |
|
20 |
Methylenecyclopropane |
47.9 |
3.7 |
-3.0 |
3.7 |
-3.4 |
-12.1 |
|
21 |
Bicyclobutane |
51.9 |
9.5 |
2.1 |
9.5 |
17.3 |
7.6 |
|
22 |
Methyl cyclopropene |
58.2 |
6.8 |
-0.7 |
6.8 |
-0.9 |
-8.1 |
|
23 |
Isobutene |
-4.3 |
4.7 |
-1.3 |
4.7 |
0.9 |
-0.8 |
|
24 |
trans-2-Butene |
-3.0 |
3.5 |
-2.3 |
3.5 |
-0.8 |
-0.5 |
|
25 |
cis-2-Butene |
-1.9 |
5.8 |
-0.2 |
5.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
|
26 |
1-Butene |
-0.2 |
5.6 |
0.7 |
5.6 |
1.9 |
1.4 |
|
27 |
Cyclobutane |
6.8 |
2.9 |
-2.7 |
2.9 |
-10.6 |
-10.3 |
|
28 |
Isobutane |
-32.4 |
3.5 |
-2.9 |
3.5 |
2.8 |
4.9 |
|
29 |
n-Butane |
-30.4 |
1.8 |
-4.4 |
1.8 |
1.2 |
4.3 |
|
30 |
Cyclopentadiene |
32.1 |
6.4 |
1.6 |
6.4 |
-0.4 |
0.0 |
|
31 |
Cyclopentene |
8.3 |
3.0 |
-0.5 |
3.0 |
-5.3 |
-3.2 |
|
32 |
Isoprene |
18.0 |
7.9 |
3.0 |
7.9 |
4.1 |
1.3 |
|
33 |
1,trans-3-Pentadiene |
18.1 |
7.3 |
2.3 |
7.3 |
3.1 |
1.0 |
|
34 |
1,cis-3-Pentadiene |
19.1 |
5.0 |
-0.7 |
5.0 |
1.9 |
0.4 |
|
35 |
1,4-Pentadiene |
25.3 |
3.8 |
0.6 |
3.8 |
1.2 |
-1.9 |
|
36 |
Methylene cyclobutane |
29.1 |
3.8 |
-1.4 |
3.8 |
-9.5 |
-14.0 |
|
37 |
Bicyclo(2.1.0)-pentane |
37.3 |
5.3 |
-0.4 |
5.3 |
0.4 |
-5.8 |
|
38 |
Spiropentane |
44.3 |
4.0 |
-1.9 |
4.0 |
-1.3 |
-11.1 |
|
39 |
1,2-Dimethyl cyclopropene |
46.4 |
8.0 |
0.0 |
8.0 |
0.2 |
-6.1 |
|
40 |
Cyclopentane |
-18.3 |
1.3 |
-2.9 |
1.3 |
-5.7 |
-1.5 |
|
41 |
2-Methyl-2-butene |
-9.9 |
5.8 |
-0.9 |
5.8 |
-2.3 |
-2.4 |
|
42 |
trans-2-Pentene |
-7.9 |
2.5 |
-2.9 |
2.5 |
-0.9 |
0.0 |
|
43 |
cis-2-Pentene |
-6.1 |
3.5 |
-3.2 |
3.5 |
-1.6 |
-1.0 |
|
44 |
cis-Dimethylcyclopropane |
1.3 |
2.5 |
-3.4 |
2.5 |
0.1 |
-3.5 |
|
45 |
Neopentane |
-40.3 |
5.4 |
-0.8 |
5.4 |
4.4 |
5.3 |
|
46 |
n-Pentane |
-35.1 |
0.6 |
-5.2 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
4.1 |
|
47 |
Benzene |
19.8 |
1.2 |
-3.0 |
1.2 |
3.6 |
4.4 |
|
48 |
Fulvene |
47.5 |
10.4 |
5.3 |
10.4 |
8.6 |
6.2 |
|
49 |
1,4-Cyclohexadiene |
25.0 |
3.1 |
0.9 |
3.1 |
-5.6 |
-6.3 |
|
50 |
1,3-Cyclohexadiene |
25.4 |
3.8 |
0.2 |
3.8 |
-5.1 |
-5.7 |
|
51 |
(E)-1,3,5-Hexatriene |
40.1 |
3.9 |
-1.7 |
3.9 |
4.9 |
1.1 |
|
52 |
(Z)-1,3,5-Hexatriene |
41.1 |
4.9 |
-0.8 |
4.9 |
4.5 |
1.0 |
|
53 |
Cyclohexene |
-1.1 |
1.3 |
-1.6 |
1.3 |
-3.9 |
-2.9 |
|
54 |
1-Methyl cyclopentene |
-1.1 |
2.4 |
-1.6 |
2.4 |
-6.1 |
-4.5 |
|
55 |
3-Methyl cyclopentene |
2.3 |
2.1 |
-1.2 |
2.1 |
-5.0 |
-3.5 |
|
56 |
4-Methyl cyclopentene |
3.5 |
1.0 |
-2.3 |
1.0 |
-6.6 |
-5.0 |
|
57 |
1,2-Dimethylcyclobutene |
19.8 |
2.3 |
-4.4 |
2.3 |
-3.7 |
-7.8 |
|
58 |
1,5-Hexadiene |
20.1 |
2.9 |
0.1 |
2.9 |
0.9 |
-1.7 |
|
59 |
Bicyclopropyl |
30.9 |
5.3 |
0.9 |
5.3 |
5.1 |
-5.9 |
|
60 |
Cyclohexane |
-29.5 |
0.4 |
-3.3 |
0.4 |
-1.6 |
2.0 |
|
61 |
2,3-Dimethyl-2-butene |
-16.8 |
7.3 |
-1.1 |
7.3 |
-5.2 |
-2.9 |
|
62 |
2,3-Dimethyl-1-butene |
-15.7 |
6.7 |
0.8 |
6.7 |
3.3 |
2.0 |
|
63 |
3-Methyl-2-pentene |
-14.8 |
5.1 |
-2.3 |
5.1 |
-0.8 |
-1.3 |
|
64 |
4-Methyl-1-pentene |
-11.8 |
3.2 |
-1.3 |
3.2 |
2.5 |
1.9 |
|
65 |
1-Hexene |
-10.1 |
1.4 |
-2.8 |
1.4 |
1.0 |
1.3 |
|
66 |
3-Methyl pentane |
-41.1 |
2.9 |
-3.4 |
2.9 |
1.9 |
5.4 |
|
67 |
n-Hexane |
-39.9 |
-0.5 |
-6.0 |
-0.5 |
-0.1 |
3.9 |
|
68 |
Toluene |
12.0 |
1.7 |
-3.4 |
1.7 |
2.0 |
2.2 |
|
69 |
Cycloheptatriene |
43.2 |
6.7 |
1.2 |
6.7 |
-0.8 |
-5.8 |
|
70 |
Norbornadiene |
59.7 |
9.0 |
5.0 |
9.0 |
-1.0 |
-2.7 |
|
71 |
1-Methyl cyclohexene |
-19.4 |
11.0 |
7.4 |
11.0 |
4.9 |
5.4 |
|
72 |
Norbornane |
-12.4 |
2.4 |
0.1 |
2.4 |
-1.4 |
1.8 |
|
73 |
1,2-Dimethyl cyclopentene |
-9.9 |
2.9 |
-1.9 |
2.9 |
-7.1 |
-4.9 |
|
74 |
1-Ethyl cyclopentene |
-6.0 |
2.0 |
-1.7 |
2.0 |
-5.4 |
-3.3 |
|
75 |
Methyl-cyclohexane |
-37.0 |
1.4 |
-2.3 |
1.4 |
0.0 |
2.8 |
|
76 |
1,1-Dimethyl cyclopentane |
-33.1 |
4.2 |
0.1 |
4.2 |
-2.9 |
-0.6 |
|
77 |
1,2-trans-Dimethyl cyclopentane |
-32.7 |
2.5 |
-1.6 |
2.5 |
-3.3 |
-0.6 |
|
78 |
1,3-cis-Dimethyl cyclopentane |
-31.9 |
1.6 |
-2.4 |
1.6 |
-4.1 |
-1.6 |
|
79 |
1,2-cis-Dimethyl cyclopentane |
-31.0 |
2.9 |
-1.2 |
2.9 |
-3.0 |
0.0 |
|
80 |
Ethyl cyclopentane |
-30.4 |
1.2 |
-2.5 |
1.2 |
-4.6 |
-0.9 |
|
81 |
1-Heptene |
-14.9 |
0.2 |
-3.5 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
1.1 |
|
82 |
2,2-Dimethyl pentane |
-49.3 |
5.2 |
-0.8 |
5.2 |
3.9 |
6.2 |
|
83 |
2,2,3-Trimethyl butane |
-48.7 |
7.9 |
1.0 |
7.9 |
4.9 |
6.8 |
|
84 |
2,4-Dimethyl pentane |
-48.3 |
6.8 |
-0.2 |
6.8 |
3.2 |
5.8 |
|
85 |
3,3-Dimethyl pentane |
-48.2 |
6.7 |
0.1 |
6.7 |
5.3 |
7.4 |
|
86 |
2,3-Dimethyl pentane |
-47.6 |
5.6 |
-0.8 |
5.6 |
4.2 |
7.3 |
|
87 |
2-Methyl hexane |
-46.6 |
1.2 |
-4.4 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
4.9 |
|
88 |
3-Methyl hexane |
-46.0 |
1.9 |
-4.0 |
1.9 |
1.3 |
5.2 |
|
89 |
3-Ethyl pentane |
-45.3 |
4.6 |
-1.8 |
4.6 |
1.0 |
5.9 |
|
90 |
n-Heptane |
-44.9 |
-1.5 |
-6.6 |
-1.5 |
-0.6 |
3.8 |
|
91 |
Styrene |
35.3 |
2.4 |
-2.2 |
2.4 |
3.8 |
3.0 |
|
92 |
Cyclooctatetraene |
70.7 |
5.4 |
3.1 |
5.4 |
-4.1 |
-12.3 |
|
93 |
Cubane |
148.7 |
9.2 |
2.3 |
9.2 |
-35.0 |
-42.2 |
|
94 |
m-Xylene |
4.1 |
2.1 |
-3.7 |
2.1 |
0.6 |
-0.2 |
|
95 |
p-Xylene |
4.3 |
2.0 |
-3.8 |
2.0 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
|
96 |
o-Xylene |
4.6 |
2.3 |
-3.8 |
2.3 |
0.9 |
1.2 |
|
97 |
Ethylbenzene |
7.2 |
0.6 |
-4.0 |
0.6 |
2.2 |
3.0 |
|
98 |
1,5-Cyclooctadiene |
13.7 |
17.1 |
13.3 |
17.1 |
3.1 |
-0.9 |
|
99 |
4-Vinyl cyclohexene |
16.6 |
2.9 |
1.7 |
2.9 |
-1.9 |
-4.4 |
|
100 |
Bicyclo(2.2.2)-octane |
-24.1 |
3.3 |
1.4 |
3.3 |
-3.8 |
-1.4 |
|
101 |
2,5-Dimethyl 2,4-hexadiene |
-4.6 |
5.5 |
-2.9 |
5.5 |
-3.9 |
-4.6 |
|
102 |
3,4-Dimethyl-(Z,Z)-2,4-hexadiene |
-0.9 |
5.7 |
-0.7 |
5.7 |
-3.9 |
-6.1 |
|
103 |
3,4-Dimethyl-(E,E)-2,4-hexadiene |
-0.5 |
7.4 |
-0.9 |
7.4 |
-3.8 |
-5.8 |
|
104 |
3,4-Dimethyl-(E,Z)-2,4-hexadiene |
0.7 |
5.2 |
-1.7 |
5.2 |
-5.1 |
-7.4 |
|
105 |
4-Octyne |
14.4 |
-0.7 |
-2.1 |
-0.7 |
-4.6 |
1.5 |
|
106 |
3-Octyne |
14.9 |
-1.1 |
-2.5 |
-1.1 |
-5.2 |
1.3 |
|
107 |
2-Octyne |
15.2 |
-1.4 |
-2.9 |
-1.4 |
-6.4 |
0.3 |
|
108 |
1-Octyne |
19.3 |
0.9 |
0.5 |
0.9 |
-5.4 |
1.6 |
|
109 |
Ethylcyclohexane |
-41.1 |
0.8 |
-2.8 |
0.8 |
-0.8 |
2.8 |
|
110 |
1-Octene |
-19.8 |
-0.8 |
-4.2 |
-0.8 |
-0.2 |
1.0 |
|
111 |
2,2,3,3-Tetramethyl butane |
-54.0 |
11.8 |
4.5 |
11.8 |
6.6 |
7.4 |
|
112 |
2,2-Dimethyl hexane |
-53.7 |
3.7 |
-2.0 |
3.7 |
2.8 |
5.6 |
|
113 |
2,2,4-Trimethyl pentane |
-53.6 |
7.4 |
0.4 |
7.4 |
3.0 |
5.4 |
|
114 |
2,5-Dimethyl hexane |
-53.2 |
2.9 |
-2.7 |
2.9 |
2.4 |
5.8 |
|
115 |
3,3-Dimethyl hexane |
-52.6 |
5.5 |
-0.8 |
5.5 |
3.6 |
6.7 |
|
116 |
2,4-Dimethyl hexane |
-52.4 |
3.4 |
-2.5 |
3.4 |
2.0 |
5.9 |
|
117 |
2,3,4-Trimethyl pentane |
-52.0 |
8.2 |
1.4 |
8.2 |
4.4 |
7.5 |
|
118 |
2,2,3-Trimethyl pentane |
-51.7 |
6.9 |
0.0 |
6.9 |
2.9 |
5.6 |
|
119 |
2-Methyl heptane |
-51.5 |
0.1 |
-5.0 |
0.1 |
0.6 |
4.8 |
|
120 |
3-Ethyl-3-methyl pentane |
-51.4 |
9.3 |
2.1 |
9.3 |
4.4 |
8.6 |
|
121 |
2,3-Dimethyl hexane |
-51.1 |
3.2 |
-2.8 |
3.2 |
2.3 |
5.7 |
|
122 |
3,4-Dimethyl hexane |
-50.9 |
5.8 |
-0.9 |
5.8 |
1.9 |
6.5 |
|
123 |
3-Methyl heptane |
-50.8 |
0.9 |
-4.6 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
5.1 |
|
124 |
4-Methyl heptane |
-50.7 |
0.9 |
-4.7 |
0.9 |
0.6 |
4.9 |
|
125 |
3-Ethyl-2-methyl pentane |
-50.5 |
6.6 |
-0.1 |
6.6 |
1.3 |
6.6 |
|
126 |
3-Ethyl hexane |
-50.4 |
3.8 |
-2.2 |
3.8 |
2.3 |
5.9 |
|
127 |
n-Octane |
-49.9 |
-2.4 |
-7.1 |
-2.4 |
-1.0 |
3.8 |
|
128 |
alpha-Methyl styrene |
28.3 |
2.7 |
-2.2 |
2.7 |
2.6 |
0.0 |
|
129 |
Cyclopropyl benzene |
36.0 |
3.9 |
0.3 |
3.9 |
6.2 |
0.4 |
|
130 |
1,3,5-Trimethyl cyclohexane |
-51.5 |
3.0 |
-0.5 |
3.0 |
2.9 |
4.3 |
|
131 |
cis-cis-trans-1,3,5-Trimethyl cyclohexane |
-49.4 |
3.2 |
-0.5 |
3.2 |
1.9 |
3.4 |
|
132 |
3,3-Diethylpentane |
-55.4 |
8.0 |
0.9 |
8.0 |
3.7 |
8.2 |
|
133 |
n-Nonane |
-54.7 |
-3.5 |
-7.8 |
-3.5 |
-1.6 |
3.6 |
|
134 |
Naphthalene |
36.1 |
0.1 |
-4.9 |
0.1 |
4.5 |
4.0 |
|
135 |
Azulene |
73.5 |
8.1 |
-8.1 |
8.1 |
7.7 |
2.7 |
|
136 |
2a,4a,6a,6b-Tetrahydrocyclopentapentalene |
||||||