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The vapors ammonia and hydrogen chloride spontaneously react in the gas phase to
form solid ammonium chloride, NH4Cl. This is stabilized by the
very strong ionic interactions. If ammonium chloride is heated, it reverts
to ammonia and hydrogen chloride, as these species are more stable than the
ammonium and chloride ions. In this simulation, an ammonium ion and a chloride ion start of stationary, and 15 Angstroms apart. They are electrostatically attracted, and so start to move towards each other, steadily accelerating. When they get close, one of the hydrogen atoms on the ammonium ion forms a bond with the chloride ion, effectively neutralizing it. Because this is a highly exothermic reaction, the ammonia and hydrogen chloride molecules that are formed are in a highly vibrationally excited state. |
Data set used by MOPAC:
drc cycles=4000 t-priority=0.4 gnorm=0 NH4 + Cl => NH3 + HCl N 0.00000000 +0 0.0000000 +0 0.0000000 +0 0.0000 H 1.03381390 +1 0.0000000 +0 0.0000000 +0 0.0000 H -0.33771665 +1 0.9710557 +1 0.0000000 +0 0.0000 H -0.33763969 +1 -0.4854610 +1 -0.8409983 +1 0.0000 H -0.33769743 +1 -0.4856442 +1 0.8408898 +1 0.0000 Cl 15.00000000 +0 0.0000000 +0 0.0000000 +0 0.0000